| Awhe ine | HNO3: 0～25.00% |
| H2SO4: 0～25.00% \ 92%~100% | |
| HCL: 0～20.00% \ 25～40.00)% | |
| NaOH: 0～15.00% \ 20～40.00)% | |
| Te tika | ±2%FS |
| Whakataunga | 0.01% |
| Te āheinga ki te whakahoki anō | <1% |
| Ngā pūoko pāmahana | Pt1000 me ētahi atu |
| Awhe utu pāmahana | 0~100℃ |
| Putanga | 4-20mA, RS485 (whiringa kore) |
| Whakaoho whakaoho | E rua ngā hoapā tuwhera noa he kōwhiringa, AC220V 3A /DC30V 3A |
| Pūtake hiko | Auautanga AC(85～265) V (45～65)Hz |
| Mana | ≤15W |
| Te whānuitanga whānui | 144 mm×144 mm×104 mm; Rahi o te kōhao: 138 mm×138 mm |
| Taumaha | 0.64kg |
| Taumata tiaki | IP65 |
I roto i te wai parakore, ka ngaro i tētahi wāhanga iti o ngā ngota kotahi te hauwai mai i te hanganga H2O, i roto i tētahi tukanga e kiia nei ko te wehenga. Nō reira, he iti noa iho ngā katote hauwai, H+, me ngā katote hydroxyl toenga, OH-, kei roto i te wai.
He taurite kei waenganui i te hanganga pumau me te wetewete o tētahi ōrau iti o ngā ngota wai.
Ka hono ngā iona hauwai (OH-) i roto i te wai ki ētahi atu ngota wai hei hanga i ngā iona hauwainium, arā, ngā iona H3O+, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana, e kiia noa ana ko ngā iona hauwainium. Nā te mea kei roto i te taurite ēnei iona hauwairiki me te hauwainium, ehara te otinga i te waikawa, i te kawakore rānei.
Ko te waikawa he matū e tuku ana i ngā iona hauwai ki roto i te wairewa, ko te kawakore ia he matū e tango ana i ngā iona hauwai.
Kāore ngā matū katoa kei roto te hauwai i te waikawa, nā te mea me noho te hauwai i roto i te āhua e ngāwari ai te tuku, he rerekē i te nuinga o ngā pūhui rauropi e herea pūmau ana te hauwai ki ngā ngota waro. Nō reira, ka āwhina te pH ki te ine i te kaha o te waikawa mā te whakaatu i te maha o ngā katote hauwai ka tukuna ki roto i te wairewa.
He waikawa kaha te waikawa hauwaihauora nā te mea he hononga ionika i waenga i te hauwai me ngā iona hauwaihauora he hononga pōro, he ngāwari ki te rewa ki te wai, ka puta he maha ngā iona hauwaiora, ā, ka tino waikawa te wairewa. Koia te take he tino iti te pH. He tino pai hoki tēnei momo wehenga i roto i te wai mō te pikinga pūngao, koia te take e tino ngāwari ai te tupu.
Ko ngā waikawa ngoikore he matū e tuku hauwai ana engari kāore i te tino ngāwari, pērā i ētahi waikawa waro. Hei tauira, ko te waikawa acetic, e kitea ana i roto i te winika, he nui te hauwai engari kei roto i te rōpū waikawa carboxylic, e pupuri ana i roto i ngā hononga covalent, kore-polar rānei.
Nā reira, kotahi anake o ngā hauwai ka taea te wehe atu i te ngota, ā, ahakoa tērā, kāore e nui te pumau e puta mai ana mā te tuku atu.
Ka tangohia e te kawakore, e te kawakore rānei ngā iona hauwai, ā, ina tāpirihia ki te wai, ka mimitihia ngā iona hauwai i hangaia e te wehenga o te wai kia neke ai te taurite ki te kukū o te iona hauwairiki, ka noho hei kawakore, hei kawakore rānei te otinga.
Ko tētahi tauira o te turanga noa ko te hauwai konutai, te rai rānei, e whakamahia ana hei hanga hopi. Ina rite tonu te kukū o te waikawa me te kawakore, ka tere te tauhohe o ngā katote hauwai me ngā katote hauwai ki a rātou anō, ka puta he tote me he wai, i roto i te tauhohenga e kiia nei ko te whakakorekore.
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