He aha te pūoko kawe hiko i roto i te wai?

He tawhā tātaritanga whānuitia te kawe wai i roto i ngā momo tono, tae atu ki te aromatawai i te parakore o te wai, te aroturuki i te osmosis whakamuri, te whakamana i te tukanga horoi, te whakahaere tukanga matū, me te whakahaere wai para ahumahi.

He taputapu hiko te pūoko kawe hiko mō ngā taiao wai i hangaia hei ine i te kawe hiko o te wai.

Ko te tikanga, he iti noa te kawe hiko o te wai parakore. Ko te kawe hiko o te wai e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kukū o ngā matū ionized i rewa i roto—arā, ko ngā matūriki utu pēnei i ngā katione me ngā anion. Ka puta mai ēnei katione i ngā pūtake pēnei i ngā tote noa (hei tauira, ngā katione konutai Na⁺ me ngā katione pūhaumāota Cl⁻), ngā kohuke (hei tauira, ngā katione konupūmā Ca²⁺ me ngā katione konupora Mg²⁺), ngā waikawa, me ngā kawakore.

Mā te ine i te kawe hiko, ka whakaratohia e te pūoko he aromatawai ā-korekore o ngā tawhā pēnei i te katoa o ngā totoka rewa (TDS), te tote, te whānuitanga rānei o te poke ionic i roto i te wai. Ko ngā uara kawe hiko teitei ake e tohu ana i te nui ake o te kukū o ngā ion rewa, ā, nō reira, ka heke te parakore o te wai.

Kaupapa Mahi

Ko te mātāpono mahi taketake o tētahi pūoko kawe hiko e ahu mai ana i te Ture a Ohm.

Ngā wāhanga matua: Ko ngā pūoko kawe hiko e whakamahi ana i ngā whirihoranga irahiko-rua, irahiko-whā rānei.
1. Te tono ngaohiko: Ka whakamahia he ngaohiko tauutuutu puta noa i te takirua irahiko (ngā irahiko taraiwa).
2. Te hekenga o ngā katote: I raro i te awe o te papa hiko, ka heke ngā katote i roto i te wairewa ki ngā irahiko he rerekē te utu, ka puta he iahiko.
3. Te ine i te au: Ka inehia te au e puta mai ana e te pūoko.
4. Te tātaitanga o te kawe hiko: Mā te whakamahi i te ngaohiko e mōhiotia ana me te iahiko inehia, ka whakatauhia e te pūnaha te ātete hiko o te tauira. Kātahi ka tangohia te kawe hiko i runga i ngā āhuatanga āhuahanga o te pūoko (te horahanga hiko me te tawhiti i waenga i ngā hiko). Ko te whanaungatanga taketake ka whakaaturia penei:
Te Aroturuki (G) = 1 / Te Ātete (R)

Hei whakaiti i ngā hapa ine i puta mai i te pōraruraru hiko (nā ngā tauhohenga hiko i te mata o te hiko) me ngā pānga kaha, ka whakamahia e ngā pūoko kawe hiko hou te whakaoho iahiko tauutuutu (AC).

Ngā Momo Pūoko Aroturuki

E toru ngā momo matua o ngā pūoko kawe hiko:
• He pai ngā pūoko hiko-rua mō ngā inenga wai parakore teitei me ngā inenga wai iti-ara.
E whakamahia ana ngā pūoko irahiko-whā mō ngā awhe kawe hiko waenga ki te teitei, ā, e whakarato ana i te ātete nui ake ki te poke, ki te whakaritea ki ngā hoahoa irahiko-rua.
• Ka whakamahia ngā pūoko kawe hiko ā-ira (toroidal, kore-hiko rānei) mō ngā taumata kawe hiko waenga ki te tino teitei, ā, he pai ake te ātete ki te poke nā te mea he mātāpono ine kore-pā.

Kua 18 tau a Shanghai Boqu Instrument Co., Ltd. e mahi ana i te ao o te aroturukitanga kounga wai, e hanga ana i ngā pūoko kounga wai kounga teitei kua tohatohahia ki ngā whenua neke atu i te 100 puta noa i te ao. E toru ngā momo pūoko kawe hiko e tukuna ana e te kamupene:

Te DDG - 0.01 - / - 1.0/0.1
Te ine i te kawe hiko iti i roto i ngā pūoko hiko-2
Ngā whakamahinga noa: te whakarite wai, ngā rongoā (wai hei werohanga), te kai me te inu (te whakarite me te whakarite wai), me ētahi atu.

EC-A401
Te ine i te kawe hiko teitei i roto i ngā pūoko hiko-4
Ngā whakamahinga noa: Ngā tukanga CIP/SIP, ngā tukanga matū, te maimoatanga wai para, te umanga pepa (te whakahaere tunu kai me te whakama), te kai me te inu (te aroturuki i te wehenga wāhanga).

IEC-DNPA
Pūoko hiko whakapūmau, ātete ki te waikura matū kaha
Ngā whakamahinga noa: Ngā tukanga matū, te penupenu me te pepa, te hanga huka, te maimoatanga wai para.

Ngā Āpure Tono Matua

Ko ngā pūoko kawe wai tētahi o ngā taputapu e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te aroturukitanga kounga wai, e whakarato ana i ngā raraunga tino nui puta noa i ngā rāngai maha.

1. Te Aroturuki i te Kounga Wai me te Tiaki Taiao
- Te aro turuki i ngā awa, ngā roto, me ngā moana: Whakamahia hei aromatawai i te kounga whānui o te wai, hei kite hoki i te parahanga mai i te rerenga wai para, i te urunga mai rānei o te wai moana.
- Te ine i te tote: He mea nui ki te rangahau moana me te whakahaere ahumoana hei pupuri i ngā āhuatanga tino pai.

2. Te Whakahaere Tukanga Ahumahi
- Te whakaputa wai tino parakore (hei tauira, i roto i ngā ahumahi haurua-ira me te rongoā): Ka taea te aroturuki i ngā tukanga purenga i te wā tūturu kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa kounga wai pakari.
- Ngā pūnaha wai whāngai pūwero: Ka āwhina i te whakahaere i te kounga o te wai hei whakaiti i te tauine me te waikura, ā, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te roa o te ora o te pūnaha.
- Ngā pūnaha tohanga wai whakamatao: Ka taea te aroturuki i ngā ōwehenga kukū wai hei whakapai ake i te horopeta matū me te whakahaere i te tukunga wai para.

3. Te Wai Inu me te Maimoatanga Wai Para
- Aroturuki i ngā rerekētanga o te kounga o te wai mata hei tautoko i te whakamahere maimoatanga whai hua.
- Āwhina ki te whakahaere i ngā tukanga matū i te wā e tukatukahia ana ngā wai para kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga ture me te whai huatanga o te mahi.

4. Ahuwhenua me te Whakatipu Ika
- Aroturuki i te kounga o te wai whakamakuku hei whakaiti i te mōrearea o te tote o te oneone.
- Ka whakahaere i ngā taumata tote i roto i ngā pūnaha ahuwhenua ika hei pupuri i tētahi taiao tino pai mō ngā momo ika wai.

5. Ngā Rangahau Pūtaiao me ngā Whakamahinga Taiwhanga
- Tautoko ana i te tātari whakamātautau i roto i ngā marautanga pēnei i te matū, te koiora, me te pūtaiao taiao mā te ine tika i te kawe hiko.

Tuhia tō karere ki konei ka tukuna mai ki a mātou

Wā tuku: Hepetema-29-2025