Te Mātāpono me te Mahi a ngā Kaiwhakatikatika Pāmahana mō ngā Mita pH me ngā Mita Aroturuki

II. Ngā Whakaaro Whakahaere mō ngā Mita pH me te Aroturukitanga me te Whakautu Pāmahana

1. Aratohu mō te Whakamahi i ngā Whakakotahitanga Pāmahana o te Mita pH
I te mea kāore te tohu mV i inehia e rerekē ana i te pāmahana, ko te mahi a te kaiwhakatau pāmahana he whakarerekē i te pikinga (tau whakawhiti K) o te urupare hiko kia ōrite ki te pāmahana o nāianei. Nō reira, he mea nui kia whakarite kia ōrite te pāmahana o ngā otinga ārai i whakamahia i te wā whakatikatika ki te pāmahana o te tauira e inehia ana, kia tika rānei te whakatikatika pāmahana. Ki te kore e pērā, ka puta pea he hapa pūnaha, inā koa ka inehia ngā tauira i tawhiti atu i te pāmahana whakatikatika.

2. Aratohu mō te Whakamahi i ngā Whakakotahitanga Pāmahana o te Mita Aroturuki
He mea nui te tauwehenga whakatikatika pāmahana (β) ki te huri i te kawe hiko i inehia ki te pāmahana tohutoro. He rerekē ngā uara β o ngā otinga rerekē—hei tauira, ko te β o ngā wai tūturu he tata ki te 2.0–2.5 %/°C, ko ngā waikawa kaha, ko ngā kakano rānei, ka rerekē pea. Ko ngā taputapu he tauwehenga whakatikatika pumau (hei tauira, 2.0 %/°C) ka puta pea he hapa i te wā e ine ana i ngā otinga kore-paerewa. Mō ngā tono tino tika, ki te kore e taea te whakarite i te tauwehenga kua hangaia kia rite ki te β tuturu o te otinga, me whakakore te mahi utu pāmahana. Engari, inehia te pāmahana o te otinga kia tika, ā, mahia te whakatikatika ā-ringa, pupuri rānei i te tauira kia 25 °C tonu i te wā e ine ana kia kore ai e hiahiatia he utu.

III. Ngā Tikanga Tātaritanga Tere mō te Tāutu i ngā Hapa o ngā Pūwhakamātautau Pāmahana

1. Tikanga Tirotiro Tere mō ngā Whakakotahitanga Pāmahana o te Mita pH
Tuatahi, whakatikatikahia te mita pH mā te whakamahi i ngā otinga parenga paerewa e rua hei whakatū i te pari tika. Kātahi, inehia te tuatoru o ngā otinga paerewa kua whakamanahia i raro i ngā tikanga kua utua (me te whakahohe i te utu pāmahana). Whakatauritehia te pānui i whiwhihia ki te uara pH e tumanakohia ana i te pāmahana tuturu o te otinga, e ai ki te "Ture Manatoko mō ngā Mita pH." Mena ka nui ake te rerekētanga i te hapa mōrahi e whakaaetia ana mō te akomanga tika o te taputapu, tera pea kei te hē te mahi a te kaiwhakautu pāmahana, ā, me tirotirohia e te tohunga.

2. Tikanga Tirotiro Tere mō ngā Whakakotahitanga Pāmahana o te Mita Aroturuki
Inehia te kawe hiko me te pāmahana o tētahi otinga pumau mā te whakamahi i te mita kawe hiko me te whakahohenga o te utu pāmahana. Tuhia te uara kawe hiko kua utua kua whakaaturia. Muri iho, monokia te utu pāmahana ka tuhia te kawe hiko mata i te pāmahana tūturu. Mā te whakamahi i te tauwehenga pāmahana e mōhiotia ana o te otinga, tatauhia te kawe hiko e tumanakohia ana i te pāmahana tohutoro (25 °C). Whakatauritehia te uara kua tatauhia ki te pānui utu o te taputapu. Ko te rerekētanga nui e tohu ana i tētahi hapa pea i roto i te rauropi utu pāmahana, i te pūoko rānei, me whakamana anō e tētahi taiwhanga inenga whaimana.

Hei whakamutunga, he rerekē ngā mahi a ngā mita pH hei utu i te pāmahana, ā, he rerekē ngā mahi a ngā mita kawe hiko. I roto i ngā mita pH, ka whakatikatikahia e te utu te aro o te urupare a te hikohiko kia whakaata i ngā pānga pāmahana tūturu e ai ki te whārite Nernst. I roto i ngā mita kawe hiko, ka whakatauritehia e te utu ngā pānui ki te pāmahana tohutoro kia taea ai te whakataurite tauira-maha. Mā te whakapoauau i ēnei tikanga ka arahi pea ki ngā whakamaoritanga hē me te whakaiti i te kounga raraunga. Mā te mārama pai ki ō rātou mātāpono ka tika, ka pono hoki ngā inenga. Hei tāpiri, mā ngā tikanga tātaritanga kua whakarārangihia i runga ake nei ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te mahi aromatawai tuatahi i te mahi a te taputapu utu hiko. Mena ka kitea he hapa, he mea nui kia tukuna wawetia te taputapu hei manatoko inenga ōkawa.