Ngā Pūrongo - Te Aroturuki i ngā Taumata Hāora Whakarewa i roto i te Tukanga Whakapūtanga Rongoā Koiora

He aha te Hāora Whakarewa?

Ko te Hāora Whakarewa (DO) e pā ana ki te hāora ngota (O_₂) e rewa ana i roto i te wai. He rerekē i ngā ngota hāora kei roto i ngā ngota wai (H_₂O), nā te mea kei roto i te wai i te āhua o ngā ngota hāora motuhake, e ahu mai ana i te āhuarangi, e puta mai ana rānei i te whakaahua-whakaahua e ngā tipu wai. Ka pāngia te kukū o te DO e ngā āhuatanga maha, tae atu ki te pāmahana, te tote, te rere o te wai, me ngā mahi koiora. Nō reira, he tohu nui tēnei mō te aromatawai i te hauora me te tūnga parahanga o ngā taiao wai.

He mea nui te mahi a te hāora rewa ki te whakatairanga i te pākia o ngā moroiti, te awe i te manawa pūtau, te tipu, me te hanga koiora o ngā hua pākia. Heoi, kāore i te pai tonu ngā taumata teitei o te hāora rewa. Tērā pea ka nui ake te hāora ka arahi ki te pākia o ngā hua kua kohia, ā, ka puta pea he tauhohenga paitini. He rerekē ngā taumata DO tino pai i waenga i ngā momo kitakita rerekē. Hei tauira, i te wā e hanga koiora ana te penicillin, ka mau tonu te DO ki te 30% te mākū o te hau. Mēnā ka heke te DO ki te kore, ā, ka noho tonu ki taua taumata mō te rima meneti, ka tino whakararuraruhia te hanganga hua. Mēnā ka mau tonu tēnei āhuatanga mō te 20 meneti, ka puta pea he kino kāore e taea te whakatika.

I tēnei wā, ko ngā pūoko DO e whakamahia whānuitia ana ka taea anake te ine i te mākū o te hau, kaua ki te kukū tuturu o te hāora rewa. Whai muri i te whakahoromata o te rauemi ahurea, ka mahia te whakapūhau me te whakaoho kia tau te pānui o te pūoko, ā, i taua wā ka whakatakotoria te uara ki te 100% mākū o te hau. Ko ngā inenga i muri mai i te tukanga whakapūhau ka ahu mai i tēnei tohutoro. Kāore e taea te whakatau i ngā uara DO tuturu mā te whakamahi i ngā pūoko paerewa, ā, me whai tikanga matatau ake, pērā i te polarography. Heoi, ko ngā inenga mākū o te hau he nui noa iho mō te aroturuki me te whakahaere i ngā tukanga whakapūhau.

I roto i tētahi mīhini whakapūkara, ka rerekē pea ngā taumata DO puta noa i ngā rohe rerekē. Ahakoa ka whiwhihia he pānui pumau i tētahi wā, ka puta tonu pea ngā rerekētanga i roto i ētahi pāpāho whakatipu. Ko ngā mīhini whakapūkara nui ake ka whakaatu i ngā rerekētanga ā-wāhi nui ake i roto i ngā taumata DO, ka pā nui ki te tipu me te hua o ngā moroiti. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā taunakitanga whakamātautau, ahakoa ko te taumata DO toharite he 30%, he iti ake te mahi whakapūkara i raro i ngā āhuatanga hurihuri i raro i ngā āhuatanga pumau. Nō reira, i roto i te whakanui ake i ngā mīhini whakapūkara—i tua atu i ngā whakaaro ki te ōritetanga o te āhuahanga me te mana—ko te whakaiti i ngā rerekētanga DO ā-wāhi tonu te whāinga rangahau matua.

He aha te mea nui o te aroturuki i te hāora rewa i roto i te whakapūkara koiora-rongoā?

1. Hei Pupuri i te Taiao Tipu Tino Pai mō ngā Moroiti, ngā Pūtau rānei
Ko te tikanga, ko ngā moroiti hauropi te nuinga o te wā e uru ana ki te whakapūkara ahumahi, pērā i te Escherichia coli me te rewena, ngā pūtau mammalian rānei, pērā i ngā pūtau ovary hamster Hainamana (CHO). Ka mahi ēnei pūtau hei "kaimahi" i roto i te pūnaha whakapūkara, e hiahia ana ki te hāora mō te manawa me te mahi pākia. Ko te hāora te kaiwhiwhi irahiko whakamutunga i roto i te manawa hauropi, e āhei ai te whakaputa pūngao i roto i te ahua o te ATP. Mā te kore e ranea te tuku hāora ka arahi ki te whakamomori pūtau, te aukati i te tipu, te mate rānei o te pūtau, ā, ka mutu ka kore te whakapūkara. Mā te aroturuki i ngā taumata DO ka whakarite kia noho tonu ngā kukū hāora ki roto i te awhe pai mō te tipu me te oranga tonutanga o te pūtau.

2. Hei Whakarite i te Hanganga Whai Hua o ngā Hua Whāinga
Ko te whāinga o te whakapūkara koiora-rongoā ehara i te mea ko te whakatairanga i te tipu pūtau anake engari ko te whakahaere i te hanganga whai hua o ngā hua ūnga e hiahiatia ana, pērā i te insulin, ngā paturopi monoclonal, ngā kano kano, me ngā whākōkī. He maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he whakauru pūngao nui mō ēnei ara hanga koiora, ko te nuinga i ahu mai i te manawa aerobic. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā pūnaha whākōkī e uru ana ki te hanganga hua e whakawhirinaki tika ana ki te hāora. Ka taea e te korenga o te hāora te whakararuraru, te whakaiti rānei i te whai huatanga o ēnei ara.

Heoi anō, ko ngā taumata DO he tohu whakahaere. Ka taea e ngā kukū DO tino tiketike me te iti rawa te:
- Ka whakarerekē i ngā ara pākia o te pūtau, hei tauira, te neke mai i te manawa ā-hauora ki te whakapūkara ā-hauora kāore i te tino whai hua.
- Whakaoho i ngā urupare ahotea pūtau, ka hua ake ai ngā hua taha kāore e hiahiatia.
- He pānga ki ngā taumata whakaputanga o ngā pūmua o waho.

Mā te whakahaere tika i ngā taumata DO i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te whakapūkara, ka taea te ārahi i te pākia o te pūtau ki te hanganga hua tino whainga, kia tutuki ai te whakapūkara kiato teitei me te hua nui.

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3. Hei Ārai i te Kore, te Nui rānei o te Hāora
Ka pā mai pea ngā hua kino o te korenga o te hāora (hypoxia):
- Ka mutu te tipu o ngā pūtau me te hanga hua.
- Ka neke te pākia o te tinana ki ngā ara anaerobic, ka hua ake te kohikohinga o ngā waikawa waro pērā i te waikawa lactic me te waikawa acetic, ka whakaheke i te pH o te reo whakatipu, ā, ka paitini pea ngā pūtau.
- Ka pāngia pea te roro e te korenga o te hāora mō te wā roa, ā, kāore e oti te whakaoranga ahakoa kua whakahokia mai te hāora.

He mōrearea anō hoki te nui rawa o te hāora (te nui rawa o te hāora):
- Ka taea e ia te whakaoho i te ahotea waikura me te hanganga o ngā momo hāora tauhohe (ROS), e kino ai ngā kiriuhi pūtau me ngā ngota koiora.
- Mā te nui rawa o te hau me te whakaohooho ka nui ake te whakapaunga pūngao me ngā utu whakahaere, ka hua ake he moumou rauemi koretake.

4. Hei Tawhā Matua mō te Aroturukitanga Wā-tūturu me te Whakahaere Urupare

He tawhā wā-tūturu, tonu, me te whānui te DO e whakaata ana i ngā āhuatanga o roto o te pūnaha whakapūkara. Ka taea e ngā panonitanga o ngā taumata DO te tohu i ngā āhua ā-tinana me ā-mahi rerekē:
- Ka piki ake te hiahia hāora i te tere o te tipu o ngā pūtau, ka heke ai ngā taumata DO.
- Ka whakaroa te pākia o te tinana e te whakaiti, te aukati rānei i te matū, ka whakaiti i te whakamahinga hāora, ā, ka piki ake ngā taumata DO.
- Ka whakarerekē te āhua o te whakamahinga hāora e ngā moroiti tauhou, ka hua ake ai ngā piki me ngā heke o te DO, ā, he tohu whakatūpato wawe hoki.
- Ka taea hoki e ngā hapa o ngā taputapu, pērā i te pakaru o te whakaoho, te aukati i ngā paipa hau, te poke rānei o te tātari, te hua ake o te whanonga DO rerekē.

Mā te whakauru i te aroturukitanga DO wā-tūturu ki roto i tētahi pūnaha whakahaere urupare aunoa, ka taea te whakatutuki i te whakahaere tika o ngā taumata DO mā ngā whakarerekētanga hihiri o ngā tawhā e whai ake nei:
- Te tere whakaoho: Mā te whakanui ake i te tere ka whakarei ake i te hononga o te hau me te wai mā te wawahi i ngā mirumiru, ā, ka pai ake te pai o te whakawhiti hāora. Koinei te tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana, e whai hua ana hoki.
- Te tere o te hau: Te whakarerekē i te tere rere, i te hanganga rānei o te hau e tomo mai ana (hei tauira, te whakanui ake i te ōwehenga o te hau, te hāora parakore rānei).
- Pēhanga o te tāke: Mā te whakanui ake i te pēhanga ka piki ake te pēhanga ā-wāhanga o te hāora, ā, ka pai ake te wairewatanga.
- Pāmahana: Mā te whakaiti i te pāmahana ka nui ake te wairewatanga o te hāora i roto i te reo whakatipu.

Ngā taunakitanga hua a BOQU mō te aroturuki ipurangi i te whakapūkara koiora: