Tauira Tono mō te Aroturukitanga o ngā Para i te Kamupene Hanga o Spring

I roto i te tukanga maimoatanga mata o ngā puna, ka whakamahia te whakapūkara hei hanga i tētahi paninga tiaki hei ārai i te waikura. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te tuku i ngā puna ki roto i tētahi wai whakapūkara kei roto ngā katote konganuku pēnei i te konutea, te manganese, me te nikara. Mā roto i ngā tauhohenga matū, ka hangaia he kiriata tote phosphate kore e rewa ki runga i te mata o te puna.

E rua ngā momo waipara matua ka puta mai i tēnei tukanga
1. Otinga Kaukau Para Phosphating: Me whakakapi i ia wā te kaukau phosphate, ka hua ake he wai para kukū teitei. Ko ngā poke matua ko te konutea, te manganese, te nikara, me te phosphate.
2. Wai Horoi Phosphating: Whai muri i te whakapūpū, ka whakahaerehia he maha ngā wāhanga horoi. Ahakoa he iti ake te kukū o te parahanga i tērā o te kaukau kua pau, he nui te rahinga. Kei roto i tēnei wai horoi te toenga konutea, te manganese, te nikara, me te whūkawa katoa, koinei te pūtake matua o te wai para whakapūpū i roto i ngā whare hanga puna.

He Tirohanga Whānui mō ngā Parahanga Matua:
1. Rino – Te Parahanga Konganuku Tuatahi
Pūtake: I ahu mai i te tukanga whakapūkara waikawa, ka tukatukahia te maitai puna ki te waikawa hauwaiora, ki te waikawa whanariki rānei hei tango i te unahi waikura rino (waikura). Ka hua ake tēnei i te rewa nui o ngā katote rino ki roto i te wai para.
Te Take mō te Aroturuki me te Whakahaere:
- Pānga Tirohanga: I te tukunga atu, ka waikura ngā katote ferrous ki ngā katote ferric, ka puta he putunga waikura whero-parauri ka puta ai te pōuri me te tae ke o ngā wai.
- Ngā Pānga Taiao: Ka tau te waikura ferric kua kohia ki ngā awaawa, ka tāmi i ngā rauropi wai, ka whakararuraru hoki i ngā pūnaha rauropi wai.
- Ngā Take Hanganga: Tērā pea ka āraihia ngā paipa e ngā putunga rino, ka heke ai hoki te whai huatanga o te pūnaha.
- Te Hiahia ki te Maimoatanga: Ahakoa te iti o te paitini, he nui te kukū o te rino, ā, ka taea te tango pai mā te whakarerekē i te pH me te whakatōtō. He mea nui te maimoatanga i mua i te wā hei ārai i te pokanoa ki ngā tukanga o raro.

2. Konutea me te Manganese – Te "Pair Phosphating"
Ngā Pūtake: Ko te nuinga o ēnei huānga i ahu mai i te tukanga whakapūkara, he mea nui hei whakapakari i te ātete ki te waikura me te piri o te paninga. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaihanga puna e whakamahi ana i ngā otinga whakapūkara kei roto te konutea, te konupūmā rānei. I muri i te horoinga wai, ka haria ngā katote konutea me te konupūmā ki roto i te awa wai para.
Te Take mō te Aroturuki me te Whakahaere:
- Te Paitini i te Wai: He nui te paitini o ēnei konganuku e rua ki ngā ika me ētahi atu rauropi wai, ahakoa he iti noa te kukū, ā, ka pā tēnei ki te tipu, te whakaputa uri, me te oranga tonutanga.
- Konutea: Ka whakararu i te mahi a te papa o te ika, ka whakararu i te pai o te manawa.
- Konupora: Mā te pānga roa ka hua ake te kohikohinga koiora me ngā pānga paitini roro.
- Ngā Ture Whakatutuki: Ka whakatakotohia e ngā paerewa tukunga ā-motu me te ao he herenga tino pakari mō ngā kukū o te konutea me te konupora. Ko te tango whai hua i te nuinga o te wā me whakamahi i ngā matū matū hei waihanga i ngā hauwaiwai kore-rewa.

3. Nikara – He konganuku taumaha mōrearea nui e hiahia ana kia tino whakatikatikaina
Ngā Puna:
- He mea taketake i roto i ngā rauemi mata: Kei roto i ētahi maitai koranu, tae atu ki te maitai kore waikura, te nikara, ka rewa ki roto i te waikawa i te wā e whakapūkara ana.
- Ngā tukanga maimoatanga mata: Ko ētahi paninga hiko, paninga matū rānei, he mea whakauru i ngā matū nikara.
Te Take mō te Aroturuki me te Whakahaere (Te Hiranga Matua):
- Ngā Tūponotanga Hauora me te Taiao: Kua whakarōpūtia te nikara me ētahi matū nikara hei matū whakaputa mate pukupuku pea. He tūponotanga anō hoki ēnei nā te paitini, ngā āhuatanga mate pāwera, me te kaha ki te kohikohi koiora, ā, he tūponotanga mō te wā roa ki te hauora tangata me ngā rauropi.
- Ngā Herenga Tukunga Pūmau: Ko ngā ture pēnei i te "Paerewa Tukunga Wai Para Whakauru" kua whakatakotohia i roto i ngā kukū iti rawa e whakaaetia ana mō te nikara (te tikanga ≤0.5–1.0 mg/L), e whakaatu ana i tōna taumata mōrearea teitei.
- Ngā Wero Maimoatanga: Kāore pea te whakatītaha kawakore noa e eke ki ngā taumata e hiahiatia ana; he maha ngā tikanga matatau pēnei i te whakamahi i ngā kaihoko chelating, i te whakatītaha whanariki rānei, e hiahiatia ana hei tango i te nikara.

Mā te tukunga tika atu o te wai para kāore anō kia rongoātia ka nui te poke o te taiao i ngā wai me te oneone. Nō reira, me tukatuka tika ngā wai para katoa me te whakamātautau pakari kia tutuki ai te whakaritenga i mua i te tukunga. Ko te aroturukitanga wā-tūturu i te putanga tukunga he mea nui mā ngā umanga ki te whakatutuki i ngā kawenga taiao, ki te whakarite kia tutuki ngā whakaritenga ture, me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea taiao me te ture.